pysteps.verification.detcontscores.det_cont_fct

pysteps.verification.detcontscores.det_cont_fct(pred, obs, scores='', axis=None, conditioning=None)

Calculate simple and skill scores for deterministic continuous forecasts.

Parameters:
pred : array_like

Array of predictions. NaNs are ignored.

obs : array_like

Array of verifying observations. NaNs are ignored.

scores : {string, list of strings}, optional

The name(s) of the scores. The default, scores=”“, will compute all available scores. The available score names are:

Name Description
beta linear regression slope (conditional bias)
corr_p pearson’s correleation coefficien (linear correlation)
corr_s* spearman’s correlation coefficient (rank correlation)
DRMSE debiased root mean squared error
MAE mean absolute error
ME mean error or bias
MSE mean squared error
RMSE root mean squared error
RV reduction of variance (Brier Score, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency)
scatter* half the distance between the 16% and 84% percentiles of the weighted cumulative error distribution, where error = dB(pred/obs), as in Germann et al. (2006)
axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional

Axis or axes along which a score is integrated. The default, axis=None, will integrate all of the elements of the input arrays.

If axis is -1 (or any negative integer), the integration is not performed and scores are computed on all of the elements in the input arrays.

If axis is a tuple of ints, the integration is performed on all of the axes specified in the tuple.

conditioning : {None, ‘single’, ‘double’}, optional

The type of conditioning on zeros used for the verification. The default, conditioning=None, includes zero pairs. With conditioning=’single’, only pairs with either pred or obs > 0 are included. With conditioning=’double’, only pairs with both pred and obs > 0 are included.

Returns:
result : dict

Dictionary containing the verification results.

Notes

Multiplicative scores can be computed by passing log-tranformed values. Note that “scatter” is the only score that will be computed in dB units of the multiplicative error, i.e.: 10log10(pred/obs).

The debiased RMSE is computed as DRMSE = sqrt(RMSE - ME^2)

The reduction of variance score is computed as RV = 1 - MSE/Var(obs)

Score names denoted by * can only be computed offline, meaning that the these cannot be update using _init, _accum and _compute methods of this module.

References

Germann, U. , Galli, G. , Boscacci, M. and Bolliger, M. (2006), Radar precipitation measurement in a mountainous region. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 132: 1669-1692. doi:10.1256/qj.05.190